![]() ![]() ![]() In Armenia and Artsakh, it has been called the "Second Artsakh War" ( Armenian: Արցախյան երկրորդ պատերազմ, romanized: Arts'akhyan yerkrord paterazm), "Patriotic War" and the "Fight for Survival" ( Armenian: Գոյամարտ, romanized: Goyamart). The war has been referred to as the " Second Nagorno-Karabakh War", and has been called the "44-Day War" in both Armenia and Azerbaijan. Armenia filed a case against Azerbaijan at the International Court of Justice in September 2021, with hearings taking place in October 2021 in The Hague. Despite calls for their immediate release by the EU and international organisations, Azerbaijan has filed criminal charges against them. Following the end of the war, an unconfirmed number of Armenian prisoners of war were captive in Azerbaijan, with reports of mistreatment. Approximately 2,000 Russian soldiers have been deployed as peacekeeping forces along the Lachin corridor connecting Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, with a mandate of at least five years. Azerbaijan will also gain transport communication to its Nakhchivan exclave bordering Turkey and Iran. Under the agreement, the warring sides kept control of the areas they held within Nagorno-Karabakh at the time of the ceasefire, while Armenia returned the surrounding territories it had occupied since 1994 to Azerbaijan. The President of Artsakh, Arayik Harutyunyan, also agreed to end hostilities. įollowing the capture of Shusha, the second-largest city in Nagorno-Karabakh, a ceasefire agreement was signed between the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, the Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan, and the President of Russia Vladimir Putin, ending all hostilities in the area from 10 November 2020. Three ceasefires brokered by Russia, France, and the United States failed to stop the conflict. Numerous countries and the United Nations strongly condemned the fighting and called on both sides to de-escalate tensions and resume meaningful negotiations. ![]() ![]() In particular, Azerbaijan's widespread use of drones was seen as crucial in determining the conflict's outcome. The war was marked by the deployment of drones, sensors, long-range heavy artillery and missile strikes, as well as by state propaganda and the use of official social media accounts in online information warfare. Turkey's involvement is thought to have been an attempt to extend its sphere of influence, both by giving Azerbaijan the upper hand in the conflict and by marginalising Russia's influence over the region. Turkey provided military support to Azerbaijan, although the extent of this support has been disputed. In response, Armenia and Artsakh introduced martial law and total mobilisation, while Azerbaijan introduced martial law, a curfew and partial mobilisation. The fighting began on the morning of 27 September 2020 with an Azerbaijani offensive along the line of contact established in the aftermath of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994), with the primary goal of reclaiming the less mountainous districts of southern Nagorno-Karabakh, which were easier to take than the region's well-fortified interior. 9 Allegations of third-party involvement.5.9 Canada's boycott of arms exports to Turkey.5.3 Transfer of territories and flight of Armenian population.4.3 Non-military actions taken by Armenia and Azerbaijan. ![]()
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